The primary reason for cancer-related fatalities among Indian women is gynecological malignancies. Early cancer diagnosis is challenging because of the poor prognosis and the absence of symptoms in the early stages. In a developing economy, the lack of mandated screening programmes and the lack of awareness present significant challenges. To improve cancer patient survival rates and minimize the social and financial burden, prompt intervention is necessary. Currently used cytological and conventional screening methods have significantly lowered the incidence of cancer. However, because these tests have limited sensitivity and specificity and are not frequently used for risk assessment, it is difficult to diagnose cancer in its early stages.
