Parathyroid cancer is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy characterized by primary hyperparathyroidism and a poor prognosis. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental and clinical aspects of parathyroid cancer, including its pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors. We explore the biological basis of the disease, challenges in early detection, advancements in diagnostic imaging and biochemical markers, and current therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we discuss recent developments in research and future directions for improving outcomes in patients with parathyroid cancer.
