Ritcha Saxena* and Oleg Yakyomovych
The gut and placental microbiome have emerged as key determinants of human health and well-being, with their beneficial effects extending well beyond the confines of the digestive and reproductive systems. Recent advances in microbial research have revealed that these microbial communities play crucial roles in nutrient absorption, immune modulation, and even neurobehavioral processes. By regulating the host-microbe interaction and maintaining a balance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, the gut microbiome is vital for maintaining optimal health and preventing a host of chronic diseases. Dietary fiber plays a critical role in promoting a diverse and healthy gut microbiome, which confers many health benefits to the host. This review article delves into the different functions that gut microbiota can potentially perform in shaping our health status and the implications of gut microbiome disturbances on human health in the form of various gastrointestinal as well as extra-intestinal diseases. Furthermore, we shed light on current scientific investigations that have widened our grasp of the human microbiome, specifically cutting-edge molecular sequencing technology, and analytical approaches. A more nuanced comprehension of this intricate concept harbors diagnostic and therapeutic implications for various pathogenic pathways linked to inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
