Bizuayehu Gashaw*, Endalew Yizengaw, Zelalem Mehari, Banchwossen Sebsibe, Feiza Seid, Tsedalu Alemu and Endalkachew Nibret
Background: Leishmania parasite is known to secrete surface proteins that help evade the host's immune response. After anti-leishmaniasis therapy, the disease can persist, particularly under immunosuppression, leading to a high risk of relapse. Neutrophils are the first responders followed by macrophages and dendritic cells, but sand fly saliva inhibits their effectiveness. In Ethiopia, Sodium Stibo Gluconate (SSG) is commonly used to treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). But, much is not known about patients' immuno-hematological profiles before the initiation of treatment and during treatment. We hypothesized that treatment would enhance the immuno-hematological profile of Ethiopian CL patients.
Materials and Method: A longitudinal study was conducted from September 2022 to August 2024 at Adiss Alem Primary Hospital in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia. A total of 96 CL patients participated in the study. Blood samples (5 ml) were drawn and analyzed within one hour using an automated hematology machine CC20 Plus. One-way ANOVA was employed for comparing mean values with confidence level of 95%. Variables were declared statistically significant if their p-values are less than 0.05.
Result: Three forms of CL where observed with a median age of 25 years. Treatment of CL patients with SSG led to a significant decline in cellular mean absolute number, comparing of the time period before treatment initiation with that of on treatment at 28 days. The fall in count of WBC, was seen from 6.63 to 5.2×106 ; Lymphocyte, from 2.38 to 1.54×103 ; and Granulocyte, from 4 to 3×103 respectively. All these reduction over time down the treatment period was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with CL often endure lesions for extended periods before receiving treatment at health facility. Following treatment with SSG, there is a notable decrease in most immuno-hematological cell profiles. Interestingly, platelet counts increased over time, indicating a positive response to the treatment.
Recommendation: To ensure homeostasis and competent immune function in CL patients on SSG treatment, supplementary medications should be included to prevent immune suppression. Exploring alternative treatments for CL management is crucial.
