The idea that the vitamin D axis has immunoregulatory functions is gaining traction, with vitamin D receptor (VDR) status being the most important determinant of vitamin D's pleiotropic effects. Vitamin D stimulates the formation of antimicrobial peptides such as -defensins and cathelicidins, as well as autophagy and epithelial barrier integrity, as well as the shift toward Th2 immune responses. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inhibition of vitamin D pathways causes dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which has been linked to the development of IBD in a molecular approach. The significance of the vitamin D axis in immune-mediated disorders is examined in this paper, with a focus on its interaction with the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of IBD.
