Membranes are primarily made up of a lipid bilayer and proteins, and they serve as a checkpoint for signals and other chemicals entering and exiting the body. Diet, pathophysiological processes, and nutritional/pharmaceutical therapies can all influence their composition. Lipids play essential structural and functional roles in addition to serving as an energy source. For example, fatty acyl moieties in phospholipids have different effects on human health depending on their saturation, carbon length, and isometry. These and other membrane lipids have very precise impacts on the lipid bilayer structure, which controls how signalling proteins interact with one other. Normalization of these modifications or regulatory actions that control membrane lipid composition have therapeutic potential because lipid changes have been linked to major illnesses. Membrane lipid treatment, also known as membrane lipid replacement, has emerged as a cutting-edge technology platform for nutraceutical interventions and drug development. This technology has been verified by several clinical trials and medicinal treatments based on a better understanding of membrane structure and function. The molecular underpinning of this novel method is examined in this review, which describes how membrane lipid composition and structure affect protein-lipid interactions, cell signalling, disease, and therapy (e.g., fatigue and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, tumor, infectious diseases).
