Cherine Hamada, Ahmed Reda and Mona Shoeib*
After tooth extraction, host bone resorption and atrophy of the alveolar ridge are observed. Sutton et al. classified different degrees of alveolar ridge atrophy. Bone resorption occurs especially in the incisors and premolar area of the jaw in the region of thin buccal lamella which may lead to a change in contour. Total clinical bone loss height of approximately 2 mm-5 mm at first 6 months may be observed in a vertical dimension, after 12 months alveolar ridge may lose up to 50% of its width.
Endosseous implants are the treatment of choice for oral and craniofacial reconstruction, serving as transmucosal structures to support single teeth, bridges, complete arch reconstructions, and complete removable dentures or to reconstruct maxillofacial defects. They include a wide spread of sizes shapes surface treatments and prosthetic components with the main objective always being the lifelong success of the osseointegrated interface and uncomplicated function of the prosthetic replacement.
