The many cancer treatments are reviewed in this article. We sought to examine the tumor microenvironment as well as current patterns for the efficacy of various cancer therapies. In the past, neoplastic cells were the foundation of cancer treatment. In order to target the rapidly growing mutant tumor cells, techniques like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have been researched. The non-cancerous cells in the tumor are described by the tumor microenvironment, which also makes it possible to study how cancer cells behave and react to therapy. The tumor microenvironment is made up of tissue that may be predictive of how the tumor will behave and how it will react to treatment. These consist of fibroblasts, immunological cells, and blood vessel-forming cells. It also consists of the growth-promoting proteins created by each and every cell in the tumor. Finding specific cells or proteins to target for cancer prevention and treatment will require monitoring changes in the tumor microenvironment utilizing its molecular and cellular profiles as the tumor develops.