International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Nanoscience and its Uses in Different Fields

Hazel Scarlett^{* *}Correspondence: Hazel Scarlett, Department of Science, Ghent University, Belgium, Europe, Email:

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Introduction

Nanoscience is driven by the potential for novel phenomena and new science, together with the expansion of critically vital technology. A less reasonable method of propulsion exists as well. Science fiction writers and futurists both use nanoscience and nanotechnology as a playground to anticipate what the future could hold. Nano science’s inventive future projection has given rise to both fascinating and horrifying concepts, sometimes with no restriction on the imaginations of those doing the projecting. And occasionally just plain ridiculous. The public has become interested in the concepts spread by the media, in works of fiction, and by organizations dedicated to safeguarding society against immoral or unthinking technological advancements, and nanoscience has emerged as one representative of the future of physical science. The juxtaposition between how thrilling and unsettling it is inspires both excitement and worry. The nanotechnology that is already in use is found in the fields of microelectronics (where clever engineers have already demonstrated how to extend existing methods for making microelectronic devices to new science (where many of the properties of polymers, metals, and ceramics are determined by 1-100 nm structures), and chemistry (where scale drugs are regularly used to control proteins and signaling complexes, and where macromolecules. These innovations are nano evolutionary. The term "revolutionary nano" refers to a type of nanotechnology whose form and significance are still being defined. These technologies include those based on novel nanostructured materials (such as buck tubes), quantum dots electronic properties, or radically new types of architectures for use in computation, information storage, and transmission. Also very intriguing are nano systems that employ or mimic biology.

Description

The goal of the discipline of nanomaterials chemistry is to create synthetic methods for producing stable NCs in macroscopic quantities that are controllable and programmable in terms of size and form. This is done by using reaction chemistry, which produces the required nanomaterial when capping ligands are present and bind to the NC surface, stabilizing the material. To permit NC development up to the requisite size, it is typically necessary to cap ligands with surface bonding that is at least partially reversible. The creation of chemical pathways to Silicon (Si) nanomaterials, such as Si NCs, nano rods, and nano wires, has advanced significantly recently. Due to its indirect band gap, which makes it a poor light emitter as a bulk material but one that can emit light reasonably efficiently as a nanostructure due to quantum confinement, silicon is one of the most important semiconductors from a commercial standpoint and one of the most fascinating to study at the nanoscale. Nevertheless, due to the numerous difficulties in synthesizing Si, it has historically been one of the least investigated colloidal NC materials. Finding appropriate chemical routes to produce Si atoms in a colloidal environment is one of these obstacles. Others include Si's inclination to oxidize, its ability to form stable amorphous forms, and the chemistry of capping ligands. As the crucial dimensions for microelectronics have decreased, photolithography has become more difficult and expensive due to the sophisticated technologies required to get around the size restrictions imposed by optical diffraction. Surprisingly, soft lithography and nanoimprint lithography have begun to challenge photolithography as prospective rivals. These technologies include printing, molding, and embossing, which are all commonplace in the chemical world. Vander Waals interactions, and potentially the granularity of matter at the molecular scale, but not optical diffraction, determine the fundamental limits to the sizes of the designs that can be repeated via printing and molding. An interesting method for combining bottom up and top down production and producing hierarchical structures of the kinds so frequently seen in nature is self-assembly, an approach best known and most explored in the field of chemistry.

Conclusion

It is commonly believed that the influence of nanotechnology will one day greatly outweigh the impact of silicon based integrated circuits or the current state of computer technology. This is due to the fact that nanoscience is applicable to all branches of science, and nanotechnology is applicable to all fields of technology, including computers. Similar to the current revolution in biological science's understanding of genomics and proteomics, the relevance of the nanotechnology field is so enormous that no limitations or limits can yet be accurately predicted. Science historians are all too aware of how incorrect technological forecasts are. It will be especially challenging for an industry that, for several decades, has not been rewarded for adopting novel concepts or pulling off innovative feats, and that, as a result of lack of practice, has become accustomed to not doing so.