Natsu Narumi
Japan
Research Article
Effects of Long-Acting β2-Agonist and Corticosteroid Inhalation on Diaphragm Muscle in Mice
Author(s): Chiyohiko Shindoh, Rie Shishido, Natsu Narumi, Hiroshi Takano and Masahito MiuraChiyohiko Shindoh, Rie Shishido, Natsu Narumi, Hiroshi Takano and Masahito Miura
Background and Objective: Although a combination of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and inhaled long-acting ?2- agonist (LABA) reduces exacerbation of asthma, whether these affect diaphragm muscle contraction is still unclear. Methods: We investigated the effects of ICS and LABA inhalation separately, endotoxin injection-only, and ICS or LABA inhalation plus endotoxin injection on diaphragm contractile properties and nitric oxide (NO) production during 4 h, using BALB/c mice (n=84). In this study, budesonide was used as the ICS, and formoterol fumarate dehydrate was used as the LABA. After administrations of these drugs, the diaphragm muscles were dissected, and their contractile properties, including force/frequency (F/f) curves and twitch contraction, were measured by electrical pulse stimulation in an isometric condition. A reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD.. View More»
