Independent Researcher, Franz-Liszt-Str, 7a, D-01219, Dresden, Germany
Review Article
SARS-CoV-2-Spike Interactions with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-Consequences of Adverse Reactions of Vaccination
Author(s): Karla Johanna Lehmann*
The protective Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) - essential part of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) - is the target receptor for its physiological ligands Angiotensin I and II (Ang I/II) as well as for SARS-CoViruses and - spikes. It mediates Ang II degradation and is the precondition for SARS-CoVirus cell entry, spike-induced adverse reactions, and cytotoxic cell fusion. In spike-induced ACE2 downregulation, Ang II degradation is reduced with the consequence of increasing Ang II concentrations; the counter-regulatory protective Ang 1-7/AT2R/MAS axis is impaired.
The presented analysis provides a substantial body of evidence for the causal involvement of Ang II/activated RAAS in eliciting adverse reactions after application of spike-inducing vaccine. As an example, some serious organ disturbances or adverse reactions, in which the connection.. View More»
DOI:
10.35248/2322-3308-12.4.004
