In arithmetic, topology (from the Greek words τÏŒπος, 'place', and λÏŒγος, 'study') is worried about the properties of a geometric item that are protected under constant distortions, for example, extending, contorting, folding and twisting, however not tearing or sticking. A topological space is a set invested with a structure, called a topology, which permits characterizing constant distortion of subspaces, and, all the more by and large, a wide range of congruity. Euclidean spaces, and, all the more for the most part, metric spaces are instances of a topological space, as any separation or metric characterizes a topology. The distortions that are considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies. A property that is invariant under such distortions is a topological property. Fundamental instances of topological properties are: the measurement, which permits recognizing a line and a surface; conservativeness, which permits recognizing a line and a circle; connectedness, which permits recognizing a hover from two non-meeting circles. The thoughts fundamental topology return to Gottfried Leibniz, who in the seventeenth century imagined the geometria situs and examination situs. Leonhard Euler's Seven Bridges of Königsberg issue and polyhedron recipe are apparently the field's first hypotheses. The term topology was presented by Johann Benedict Listing in the nineteenth century, in spite of the fact that it was not until the main many years of the twentieth century that the possibility of a topological space was created.
