In science, geography (from the Greek words τÏŒπος, 'place', and λÏŒγος, 'study') is worried about the properties of a geometric item that are protected under constant distortions, for example, extending, contorting, folding and bowing, yet not tearing or sticking. A topological space is a set supplied with a structure, called a geography, which permits characterizing nonstop twisting of subspaces, and, all the more by and large, a wide range of congruity. Euclidean spaces, and, all the more for the most part, metric spaces are instances of a topological space, as any separation or metric characterizes a geography. The distortions that are considered in geography are homeomorphisms and homotopies. A property that is invariant under such distortions is a topological property. Essential instances of topological properties are: the measurement, which permits recognizing a line and a surface; smallness, which permits recognizing a line and a circle; connectedness, which permits recognizing a hover from two non-meeting circles. The thoughts hidden geography return to Gottfried Leibniz, who in the seventeenth century imagined the geometria situs and examination situs. Leonhard Euler's Seven Bridges of Königsberg issue and polyhedron equation are ostensibly the field's first hypotheses. The term geography was presented by Johann Benedict Listing in the nineteenth century, despite the fact that it was not until the principal many years of the twentieth century that the possibility of a topological space was created.
