Transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts including coding and non-coding in an individual or a population of cells. The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs or just mRNA depending on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau of the words transcript and genome it is associated with the process of transcript production during the biological process of transcription.

The broad scope of the journal encompasses the basic and applied concepts and technologies involved in the study RNA and gene function, including but limited to, the of structure and function of RNA, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and ribozymes, RNA editing, RNA chemistry, non-coding RNAs, siRNAs, miRNAs, transcriptomics, genome editing, genome analysis, functional genomics, epigenomics and RNA seq/whole genome sequencing, microarray analysis and computational genomics. The journal will also consider manuscript on traditional genome modulation technologies, such as antisense oligonucleotides and functional DNAs, such as deoxyribozymes.